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Ann Burgess has analyzed the minds of some of the world鈥檚 most infamous murderers, from Kansas serial killer Dennis Rader, known as BTK, to Ed Kemper, whose first crimes were killing his grandparents as a teen. For nearly six decades, she鈥檚 educated practitioners and students to understand crime victims鈥攁nd perpetrators鈥攂eyond their violent circumstances.
Karen Pounds focuses on the therapeutic relationship between psychiatric patients, nurses, and interpreters, which she says 鈥渋s the basis of healing and the work of psychiatric nursing.鈥�
Julie Dunne emphasizes the humanity in all workers, understanding that nobody is impervious to mental illness, including health care providers. She helps them take care of their own mental health through a combination of medication and mindfulness strategies.
These three faculty members at the Connell School of Nursing (CSON) share their expertise and their commitment to prioritizing the voiceless. They do this through their clinical practice and in the classroom, educating graduate nursing students pursuing the psychiatric/mental health (P/MH) specialty. Their dedication and experience are especially needed now as the faculty prepare the newest generation of students to face growing public health crises in the U.S., including increased suicide rates, a climbing number of deaths from excessive alcohol use, and a daunting shortage of mental health professionals.
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CONFRONTING THE TOUGHEST MENTAL HEALTH CASES
Professor Ann Burgess pioneered a deeply human approach to mental health by providing the context necessary to understand and make predictions about the behavior of violent offenders. She teaches popular courses in forensic mental health, forensic science, and victimology鈥攁ll grounded in her intense personal experience.
In the early 1970s, Burgess co-founded one of the first hospital-based crisis counseling programs in the world at Boston City Hospital with Boston College sociologist Lynda Lytle Holmstrom, interviewing 146 victims of sexual assault ranging in age from 3 to 73. Their resulting American Journal of Nursing article, 鈥淭he Rape Victim in the Emergency Ward,鈥� was a multidimensional portrait of these victims that outlined their emotions, from anxiety to humiliation to self-blame.
Based on Burgess鈥� victimology work, the FBI asked her to consult on behavioral patterns among rapists and serial killers. Lawyers began to consider her a key part of their teams, too, bringing her into the fold as an expert witness on high-stakes cases. In 2016, she was named a Living Legend by the American Academy of Nursing.
Burgess described her most notorious cases in听 (Hachette, 2021) with CSON鈥檚 Steven Matthew Constantine. Another collaboration about appealed cases will debut in 2025.
In July 2024, Hulu introduced , a three-part series chronicling Burgess鈥檚 FBI profiling. She still collaborates with law enforcement, weighing in on cases such as abuse in nursing homes and the recent assassination attempt on Donald Trump.
While Burgess untangles deep inhumanity, her instincts are profoundly humane: she wants to understand what makes people, even criminals, tick. Nobody is inherently evil, she says. Instead, many criminals experience trauma without proper intervention. A grudge develops; without what she calls a 鈥渘eutralization鈥� of that grudge, anger can fester and explode into violence.
鈥淭houghts drive behavior. If you鈥檙e looking at someone who鈥檚 committed a horrendous behavior, you鈥檝e got to get back inside the thought鈥攚hat is prompting it, what is driving it? You have to deal with it, and try to neutralize it, so it doesn鈥檛 become a driving force within the individual,鈥� Burgess says.
鈥淚f you鈥檙e looking at someone who鈥檚 committed a horrendous behavior, you鈥檝e got to get back inside the thought鈥攚hat is prompting it, what is driving it? You have to deal with it, and try to neutralize it, so it doesn鈥檛 become a driving force within the individual.鈥�
鈥擯rofessor Ann Burgess
In the Menendez case, for instance, Burgess testified about the brothers鈥� domineering, abusive father, Jos茅. Eric had hoped to go to UC Berkeley, but his father wanted him closer to home, at UCLA. When Eric realized he wouldn鈥檛 be getting away to a dorm, Burgess says, he panicked: 鈥淭hat was one of the turning points. He had a fear of his parents. I remember looking at this case and saying, 鈥楾his is not a case of money. They have all the money. It鈥檚 got to be the family.鈥欌��
Burgess also lends her forensic expertise to cases closer to home. She鈥檚 enthusiastic about her work with CSON鈥檚 new Center for Police Training in Crisis Intervention, directed by Assistant Professor Victor Petreca, which studies evidence-based approaches for improving first responders鈥� interactions with people experiencing behavioral health issues.
Participant in Collegiate Warrior program at Boston College
In addition, she oversees the Wounded Warriors in Transition course, open to all Boston College students. Again, Burgess wants students to understand people with complicated backgrounds. Veterans visit her classroom to share intense stories about deployment. For their term paper, students interview a veteran. To their surprise, they often end up talking with a family member who hadn鈥檛 previously been forthcoming about their experience.
鈥淚 say: 鈥楥heck your family first.鈥� They find people in their family who they didn鈥檛 even know had been in a war,鈥� Burgess says. 鈥淭he papers are amazing.鈥�
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FOSTERING COMPASSIONATE COMMUNICATION
鈥淎nn has brought so much knowledge and nursing to people who have no voice,鈥� says Associate Professor of the Practice Karen Pounds. As a psychiatric clinical nurse specialist, Pounds says she often sees stigma in mental health care, especially among people who present with complex diagnoses, have a cultural reluctance to get help, or experience language barriers.
In the case of language barriers, the relationship between patient and provider becomes essential, she says. Pounds worked at the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center, where most of her patients required an interpreter; that relational science is also a focus of her research, writing, and speaking career.
鈥淣ow, we have a greater population of patients from different countries, and we need to consider that impact,鈥� she says.
Pounds often reminds her students that people are more than a diagnosis. 鈥淚 help nurses get to the point where they鈥檙e able to see comorbidities,鈥� she says. 鈥淪omebody can have anxiety and depression. There are people with schizophrenia who can have depression.鈥�
She says that鈥檚 why it鈥檚 essential for nurses to see patients from a holistic perspective and to grasp their layered circumstances.
Pounds often sees stigma in mental health care, especially among people who present with complex diagnoses, have a cultural reluctance to get help, or experience language barriers.
鈥淭he essence of psych nursing is the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship: How can we develop the next generation of psych NPs with that person-to-person contact?鈥� she says. 鈥淚 came to work at Boston College because of that emphasis, and because of the values of the Jesuit education model: respecting the whole person. A lot of programs in this country focus primarily on psychopharmacology. At CSON, we鈥檙e saying to students: 鈥楾hat鈥檚 not all: you have to do psychotherapy.鈥欌��
CARING FOR THE WHOLE PERSON
Like Pounds and Burgess, Associate Professor of the Practice Julie Dunne believes in giving voice to the marginalized鈥攊ncluding burnt-out health care providers, who may avoid seeking mental health care for fear of retribution.
As recently as 2021, medical boards in 37 U.S. states and territories asked questions that could require a doctor seeking licensure to disclose mental health treatments or conditions. And in a 2017 paper, nearly 40 percent of physicians reported being reluctant to seek mental health care because it could jeopardize their chances of obtaining or renewing their medical licenses.
During the pandemic, many providers wrestled with stress, fear, and burnout. Now, about half of Dunne鈥檚 private practice caseload comprises physicians, nurses, social workers, and nutritionists.
She has gained an appreciation for the challenges health care workers face while addressing their own mental health, and this has become a key part of her classroom teaching. 鈥淎ll of the students we teach at 精东影业 are going to become clinicians,鈥� she says. 鈥淚鈥檓 excited when they ask: How do I prevent burnout and keep myself in this field? How can I make sure that I can still help people in one year, five years, and 10 years?鈥�
Dunne teaches courses on diversity in health care as well as CSON鈥檚 graduate-level family and group psychotherapy courses. She also leads mindfulness-based cognitive therapy groups through the Harvard and Cambridge Health Alliance Center for Mindfulness & Compassion and through her own practice, .
鈥淚鈥檓 excited when [students] ask: How do I prevent burnout and keep myself in this field? How can I make sure that I can still help people in one year, five years, and 10 years?鈥�
鈥擜ssociate Professor of the Practice Julie Dunne
She praises CSON鈥檚 emphasis on confronting social and racial injustice. Her students see psychiatric patients throughout Greater Boston, many of whom are treated in community health settings due to a lack of inpatient beds. She wants students to understand how demographics and intimate personal histories inform patients鈥� stories鈥攊ncluding those of providers. And she wants them to think about how nurses can contribute to policy change.
鈥淪tudents are able to see the disparities between various hospitals and funding, which invites conversation: 鈥榟ere鈥檚 how much funding goes to research around mental health as compared to physical health.鈥� There are many different reasons why that happens,鈥� says Dunne. 鈥淲e talk about stigma as one piece and how certain groups may be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed.鈥�
She says she continues to appreciate Burgess鈥� work amplifying the experience of marginalized, often misunderstood populations.
鈥淗er work with forensic mental health has been huge. It embodies caring for people who may not be as seen, who may be more stigmatized,鈥� says Dunne. 鈥淪omething unique about Boston College is our emphasis on taking care of the whole person. It鈥檚 not just about fixing someone鈥檚 broken leg; it鈥檚 about understanding them.鈥澨�